ATR Inhibition Reverses Cancer Cell Resistance to Temozolomide

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Oncotarget

Oncotarget’s cover paper this week (Volume 12, Issue 21) is entitled, "ATR inhibition reverses the resistance of homologous recombination deficient MGMTlow/MMRproficient cancer cells to temozolomide," by researchers from the Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD; Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD; Biological Testing Branch, NCI, Frederick, MD; In Vivo Evaluation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD; Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, Bethesda, MD; Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, NCI, Rockville, MD, USA. Abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) is hindered by inherent and acquired resistance. Biomarkers such as MGMT expression and MMR proficiency are used as predictors of response. However, not all MGMTlow/−ve/MMRproficient patients benefit from TMZ treatment, indicating a need for additional patient selection criteria. We explored the role of ATR in mediating TMZ resistance and whether ATR inhibitors (ATRi) could reverse this resistance in multiple cancer lines. We observed that only 31% of MGMTlow/−ve/MMRproficient patient-derived and established cancer lines are sensitive to TMZ at clinically relevant concentrations. TMZ treatment resulted in DNA damage signaling in both sensitive and resistant lines, but prolonged G2/M arrest and cell death were exclusive to sensitive models. Inhibition of ATR but not ATM, sensitized the majority of resistant models to TMZ and resulted in measurable DNA damage and persistent growth inhibition. Also, compromised homologous recombination (HR) via RAD51 or BRCA1 loss only conferred sensitivity to TMZ when combined with an ATRi. Furthermore, low REV3L mRNA expression correlated with sensitivity to the TMZ and ATRi combination in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that HR defects and low REV3L levels could be useful selection criteria for enhanced clinical efficacy of an ATRi plus TMZ combination. Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28090 DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28090 Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28090/text/ Correspondence to - Annamaria Rapisarda - rapisardaa@mail.nih.gov Keywords - TMZ, MMR, ATR, HR, REV3L About Oncotarget Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology. To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com or connect with: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/oncotarget Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/oncotarget YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/OncotargetYouTube/ LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/ Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/ Oncotarget is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit https://www.ImpactJournals.com or connect with @ImpactJrnls Media Contact MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM 18009220957