Imaging/Microscopy

Aging (Aging-US)

Aging-US published this trending high-scoring research paper back on June 12, 2016, entitled, “Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease,” by researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA; Private Practice of Psychiatry, Tucson, AZ; Brainreader, Horsens, Denmark.


Abstract:
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant healthcare problems nationally and globally. Recently, the first description of the reversal of cognitive decline in patients with early Alzheimer's disease or its precursors, MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and SCI (subjective cognitive impairment), was published [1]. The therapeutic approach used was programmatic and personalized rather than monotherapeutic and invariant, and was dubbed metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration (MEND). Patients who had had to discontinue work were able to return to work, and those struggling at work were able to improve their performance. The patients, their spouses, and their co-workers all reported clear improvements. Here we report the results from quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing in ten patients with cognitive decline, nine ApoE4+ (five homozygous and four heterozygous) and one ApoE4-, who were treated with the MEND protocol for 5-24 months. The magnitude of the improvement is unprecedented, providing additional objective evidence that this programmatic approach to cognitive decline is highly effective. These results have far-reaching implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, MCI, and SCI; for personalized programs that may enhance pharmaceutical efficacy; and for personal identification of ApoE genotype.

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100981
Full text - https://www.aging-us.com/article/100981/text

Correspondence to: Dale E. Bredesen, MD email: dbredesen@buckinstitute.org

Keywords: neurodegeneration, cognition, biomarkers, dementia, neuropsychology, imaging, Alzheimer's disease, Apolipoprotein E

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at http://www.Aging-US.com​​ or connect with us on:

Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl​
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/​
SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/aging-us​
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/agingus​
LinkedIn -  https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging​

Aging-US is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit http://www.ImpactJournals.com​​ or connect with @ImpactJrnls

Media Contact
18009220957
MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Top-Performer: Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

Aging-US published this trending editorial on May 26, 2021, entitled, “Aging is associated with glial senescence in the brainstem - implications for age-related sympathetic overactivity” by researchers from the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK.

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity plays a crucial role in age-related increase in the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart diseases. Previous studies indicate that neuroinflammation in key brainstem regions that regulate sympathetic outflow plays a pathogenic role in aging-mediated sympathoexcitation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not clear. While senescent cells and their secretory phenotype (SASP) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-related diseases, their role in age-related neuroinflammation in the brainstem and SNS overactivity has not been investigated. To test this, we isolated brainstems from young (2-4 months) and aged (24 months) male C57BL/6J mice and assessed senescence using a combination of RNA-in situ hybridization, PCR analysis, multiplex assay and SA-β gal staining. Our results show significant increases in p16Ink4a expression, increased activity of SA-β gal and increases in SASP levels in the aged brainstem, suggesting age-induced senescence in the brainstem. Further, analysis of senescence markers in glial cells enriched fraction from fresh brainstem samples demonstrated that glial cells are more susceptible to senesce with age in the brainstem. In conclusion, our study suggests that aging induces glial senescence in the brainstem which likely causes inflammation and SNS overactivity.

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203111

Full text - https://www.aging-us.com/article/203111/text

Correspondence to: Madhan Subramanian email: madhan.subramanian@okstate.edu
 
Keywords: senescence, brainstem, aging, glial cells, sympathetic nervous system

About Aging-US

Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at http://www.Aging-US.com​​ or connect with us on:

Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl​
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/​
SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/aging-us​
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/agingus​
LinkedIn -  https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging​

Aging-US is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit http://www.ImpactJournals.com​​ or connect with @ImpactJrnls

Media Contact
18009220957
MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Trending with Impact: Glial Senescence in Brainstem Causes Sympathetic Overactivity

Oncotarget

Oncotarget published this research paper on July 6, 2021, entitled, “MRI texture features from tumor core and margin in the prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer” by researchers from Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; York University, North York, Canada; Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.

Abstract:
Background: Radiomics involving quantitative analysis of imaging has shown promises in oncology to serve as non-invasive biomarkers. We investigated whether pre-treatment T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer.

Materials and Methods: MRI scans were obtained for 102 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). All patients were treated with standard regimens of NAC as decided by the treating oncologist, followed by surgery and adjuvant treatment according to standard institutional practice. The primary tumor was segmented, and 11 texture features were extracted using the grey-level co-occurrence matrices analysis of the T2W-images from tumor cores and margins. Response assessment was done using clinical-pathological responses with patients classified into binary groups: responders and non-responders. Machine learning classifiers were used to develop a radiomics model, and a leave-one-out cross-validation technique was used to assess the performance.

Results: 7 features were significantly (p < 0.05) different between the two response groups. The best classification accuracy was obtained using a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) model with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under curve of 63, 93, 87, and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusions: Pre-treatment T2-weighted MRI texture features can predict NAC response with reasonable accuracy.

Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/response-to-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy-in-locally-advanced-breast-cancer/

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28002

Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28002/text/

Correspondence to - Gregory J. Czarnota - Gregory.Czarnota@sunnybrook.ca

Keywords - radiomics, MRI, breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, biomarkers

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com or connect with:

SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/oncotarget
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Oncotarget/
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LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncotarget
Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/oncotarget/
Reddit - https://www.reddit.com/user/Oncotarget/

Oncotarget is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit https://www.ImpactJournals.com or connect with @ImpactJrnls

Media Contact
MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
18009220957

Top-Performer: MRI Features Predict Treatment Response in Breast Cancer

Thermo Fisher Scientific, Biosciences

In this video we'll discuss how to select the optimal PCR plate for high-throughput PCR and qPCR applications. Many Thermo Fisher PCR plates can be used for both PCR and qPCR reactions. There are several PCR plate formats that are compatible with the grippers, or paddles, found on the liquid handling automation systems. This video will help you choose the correct PCR plate for your high-throughput application.

You can find everything you need for these applications by visiting ThermoFisher.com/pcrplastics

How to select the best PCR plate for high-throughput PCR and qPCR applications

In this video we'll introduce and provide instruction for the use of two Applied Biosystems adapter trays. These trays are designed for use with Applied Biosystems thermal cyclers when using tube strips with separate cap strips, or tubes and tube strips with attached caps. Use of these adapter trays is recommended in order to prevent tube deformity, or crushing, during thermal cycling while ensuring optimal PCR yield.

You can find everything you need for these applications in your Applied Biosystems thermal cycler starter kit, or by visiting ThermoFisher.com/pcrplastics.

How to use adapter tray retainers in the Applied Biosystems thermal cycler starter kit

In this video we'll discuss how to use each accessory and tool that comes with the purchase of a new Applied Biosystems thermal cycler.

These tools and accessories can be found in the PCR starter kit. You can find everything you need for setting up your PCR reaction in your Applied Biosystems thermal cycler starter kit or on ThermoFisher.com/pcrplastics.

How to use the tool in the thermal cycler starter kit

This week's cover paper of Aging (Volume 13, Issue 13) is entitled, "A model of the aged lung epithelium in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis," by researchers from The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, PA; Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.

Abstract:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related disorder that carries a universally poor prognosis and is thought to arise from repetitive micro injuries to the alveolar epithelium. To date, a major factor limiting our understanding of IPF is a deficiency of disease models, particularly in vitro models that can recapitulate the full complement of molecular attributes in the human condition. In this study, we aimed to develop a model that more closely resembles the aberrant IPF lung epithelium. By exposing mouse alveolar epithelial cells to repeated, low doses of bleomycin, instead of usual one-time exposures, we uncovered changes strikingly similar to those in the IPF lung epithelium. This included the acquisition of multiple phenotypic and functional characteristics of senescent cells and the adoption of previously described changes in mitochondrial homeostasis, including alterations in redox balance, energy production and activity of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We also uncovered dramatic changes in cellular metabolism and detected a profound loss of proteostasis, as characterized by the accumulation of cytoplasmic protein aggregates, dysregulated expression of chaperone proteins and decreased activity of the ubiquitin proteasome system. In summary, we describe an in vitro model that closely resembles the aberrant lung epithelium in IPF. We propose that this simple yet powerful tool could help uncover new biological mechanisms and assist in developing new pharmacological tools to treat the disease.

Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.203291

DOI -  https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.203291

Full text - https://www.aging-us.com/article/203291/text

Correspondence to: Ross Summer email: Ross.Summer@Jefferson.edu and Freddy Romero email: Freddy.RomeroVasquez@bcm.edu

Keywords: aging, IPF, mitochondria, proteostasis, epithelial cells

About Aging

Launched in 2009, Aging publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

Please visit our website at http://www.Aging-US.com​​ or connect with us on:

Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl​
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/​
SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/aging-us​
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/agingus​
LinkedIn -  https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging​

Aging is published by Impact Journals, LLC please visit http://www.ImpactJournals.com​​ or connect with @ImpactJrnls

Media Contact
18009220957
MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

A New Model System for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

In this video we'll discuss how to properly seal a plate using two methods: the use of an adhesive film and cap strips.

You can find everything you need for these applications in your Applied Biosystems Thermal Cycler starter kit or at ThermoFisher.com/pcrplastics.

How to seal an Applied Biosystems PCR plate

In this video, we'll discuss how to properly seal a plate using two methods: use of an adhesive film and cap strips.

You can find everything you need by visiting ThermoFisher.com/thermoscientificplastics

Imaging/Microscopy

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