Environmental Science

Oncotarget

Oncotarget published this research paper on September 14, 2022 in Volume 13, entitled, "Influence of high altitude on the expression of HIF-1 and on the prognosis of Ecuadorian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma" by researchers from the Universidad Central del Ecuador, Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Medicina, Hospital de Especialidades de Fuerzas Armadas HE-1, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28275

Correspondence to - José Sebastiao dos Santos - lab.biomol.cirugia@fmrp.usp.br

Abstract

Since the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) is high in populations living at high altitudes, we evaluated the influence of altitude on the expression of HIF-1 and survival of Ecuadorian GA patients. Method: 155 GA cases were studied: 56 from coastal (GAC) and 99 from mountainous regions (GAM), and 74 non-GA controls (25 coast and 49 mountain). The expression of HIF-1/HER2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Analyses were performed using Fisher's exact and Breslow-Day tests for homogeneity and Kaplan-Meier curves and restricted median survival time ΔRMST. Results: HIF-1 was overexpressed in normal/inflamed gastric mucosa, especially in mountainous non-GA patients (p = 0.001). There was no difference between GAC and GAM in terms of age/gender, HIF-1/HER2 expression, stage/tumor location. Median survival at 120 months was significantly higher among GAC, with a difference (ΔRMST) of 43.7 months (95% CI 29.5, 57.8) (p < 0.001) and those with positive HIF-1 expression: ΔRMST 26.6 months (95% CI 11.0, 42.1) (p < 0.001). Positive HIF-1 expression was associated with better GAM survival, with ΔRMST 33.6 months (95% CI 14.2, 52.9) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this retrospective study, GA patients in the coastal region and those who expressed HIF-1 exhibited a better prognosis, but this factor was associated with better survival only in the mountain region.

Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://oncotarget.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Foncotarget.28275

Keywords - cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, hypoxia-induced factor, HER2, survival rate, tumor markers

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed.

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Paper Spotlight: Influence of High Altitude on Ecuadorian Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Analytical Cannabis 

Speaking at the Analytical Cannabis Expo Europe Online 2021, Verónica Codesido, PhD, Co-founder and Cultivation Accountable for MIFCO Biosciences presented her talk on cannabis tissue culture.

Abstract: To have an effective participation in the national and international market of medicinal plants, it is necessary to address the paradigm of quality. This basically refers to obtaining products under controlled processes, with clean or organic production and in strict compliance with regulations. Development of medicinal plants must be focused not only in obtaining high yield in plant material, also higher secondary metabolites productivity, volume is only part of success, since the plant must then be dried and the active ingredient(s) that will determine the true quality of the product must be analysed. It is therefore necessary to follow protocols for the selection and propagation of planting material with high quality standards. In vitro plant propagation is a biotechnology technique widely used in economically important crops and is one of the biotechnological methods that has contributed most to the development of agriculture. It is applied in the mass production of horticultural, aromatic, medicinal, fruit, ornamental and forestry species. Vegetative propagation is carried out quickly and on a large scale, with great uniformity of the material obtained, reducing to the maximum the multiplication time and the space required for this purpose, having a greater control over the health of the propagated material. It is the fastest way to introduce new cultivars, in addition to promoting the conservation of germplasm in safe conditions and providing greater facilities for the international exchange of plant material. In recent years, it is estimated that some 800 million hectares are cultivated with micropropagated plants, not including transgenic plants, produced by more than 50 laboratories in Latin America and more than 1,000 around the world, where billions of plants are propagated every year. The use of this technique would be the future answer for Cannabis production necessities all over the world.

Cannabis Tissue Culture: The future of the crop

Teach Me in 10

Jamie Woodward is a professor of Physical Geography at The University of Manchester where he leads a group exploring microplastic contamination in rivers. He is a geomorphologist – his research examines environmental change and how people interact with rivers from the Nile Valley to the River Mersey. In this Teach Me in 10, you will learn: That river beds can be heavily contaminated with microplastics, why monitoring microplastic contamination on river beds is important, how microplastics accumulate on river beds in high concentrations,  microplastic assemblages can be used to identify poor wastewater practice, why effective wastewater treatment is key to protecting river ecosystems and how ocean currents transport microplastics to the Arctic.


For more resources on microplastics, you can check out: [url][link]https://youtu.be/yYIbTayABbo[/link][name] Animation highlighting the impact of this research[/name][/url],[url][link]https://researchfeatures.com/microplastic-contamination-riverbeds-tracing-sources-tackling-problem/[/link][name]article in research features[/name][/url] 
[url][link]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-021-00718-2[/link][name]paper in Nature Sustainability[/name][/url]. 

Microplastics in Rivers With Professor Jamie Woodward

Organomation

How to Connect Your Nitrogen Evaporator to a Gas Source

Organomation is a leading manufacturer of nitrogen blowdown evaporators for sample preparation and analysis.

Our blowdown evaporators are designed to be connected to either nitrogen gas or compressed air.

Most commonly, Organomation evaporators are used in conjunction with a nitrogen generator, nitrogen cylinder, air compressor, or a lab’s built-in gas source.

Each unit will come with a coiled gas supply tube and a multi-part fitting to connect to a gas source.

This connection can be made in one of several ways, depending on the fittings your gas source has. 

The first way is to connect the barb directly to a length of 1/4 inch ID tubing. 

This is one of the most common connection types and is often used among those who have their gas piped directly through the fume hood, as seen here. 

The second way is to remove the black barb, and connect the white nut to a 1/4 inch MPT thread. This is the least common connection type, but may be used to connect to some pressure reducing regulators. 

The third way is to connect the black tubing directly to a push-to-connect fitting. This is common when connecting to air compressors, pressure reducing regulators, and nitrogen generators such as Organomation’s NITRO-GEN.

If another connection type is required for your application, please contact us at sales@organomation.com or call us at 978-838-7300 for assistance.


How to Connect Your Nitrogen Evaporator to a Gas Source ||Organomation

Contact Us:  https://www.organomation.com/contact

Troubleshooting Gas Flow Issues in a MULTIVAP and 116 N-EVAP

If the gas flow in your MULTIVAP or 116 N-EVAP is not functioning as expected, there are a few simple troubleshooting steps you can take before calling a technician. 

These steps will help identify where the issue is, in case a replacement part is needed. 

General Troubleshooting
First, check to see if you are getting optimal pressure from your gas source. The recommended pressure for MULTIVAPs and 116 N-EVAPs is 50-110 psi. 

Then, check that the gas flow is reaching the bath case. Disconnect the gas tube from the back of the unit, turn on the gas source, and confirm that there is flow. 

Reconnect the gas tube and verify that the flow meter is open, and the gas switch and toggle switches are on. 

Check for missing needles or luer plugs on all positions. An open sample position without a needle or luer plug will allow gas to escape, reducing flow to the rest of the samples. 

Pressure Regulator
To check the instruments’ built-in pressure regulator, turn off the gas switch but leave the gas source on and connected. If the pressure gauge reads between 20-30 psi, the regulator is working. If not, it may need to be adjusted.

To do so, locate the knob on the top of the unit labelled “flowmeter”. Rotate it clockwise and observe the pressure gauge for movement. The gauge should go up when the knob is turned clockwise and down when it’s turned counterclockwise. 

If the gauge responds, set it between 20-30 psi, turn on the gas switch, and re-check the flow. 

If it doesn’t respond, the pressure regulator or gauge most likely needs to be replaced. 

Flow Meter
To check the flow meter, turn on the gas switch and rotate the flow meter dial counterclockwise. This should open the valve, causing the ball to respond. 

If it doesn’t respond, unplug the tube connected to the flow meter and check for gas flow. If there’s no gas flow, the flow meter is likely not the issue.  

If there is gas flow, check that the ball is not stuck. To do this, disconnect the flow meter from the instrument and flip it upside-down. If the ball doesn’t move, the flow meter needs to be replaced. 

Gas Switch
For baths manufactured before 2019, check that the gas switch is not stuck internally. Unplug your instrument and let cool before handling. Remove the nitrogen distribution assembly and flow meter. Open up the control box and locate the gas switch. 

When flipping the switch, the top post should retract as shown in the left picture. If it doesn’t retract as shown in the right picture, the switch is defective. Contact Organomation for further repair instructions. 

Solenoid
Listen for any leaks or buzzing noises coming from the bath case. A buzzing noise may indicate a bad solenoid that needs to be replaced. 

To check the solenoid, open up the control box if you have not done so already. Locate the solenoid and its bracket towards the back of the box. 

Look for any disconnected tubing or wires. If all the connections seem to be secure, confirm if the solenoid is being energized. 

To check this, keep the control box open and upside down. Make sure the gas switch is turned to manual and the power switch is turned on. 

Be very careful not to shock yourself. Plug in your instrument and listen for a click coming from the solenoid. If you don’t hear a click as the solenoid is energized, then it is bad and needs to be replaced. 

If you were not able to identify the cause of your gas flow issue with these troubleshooting steps, the Organomation team can assist you further. 

Please reach out to sales@organomation.com or call us at 978-838-7300.




Troubleshooting Gas Flow Issues in a MULTIVAP and 116 N-EVAP || Organomation

Product Page: https://www.organomation.com/products/solvent-evaporators/s-evap-kd/8-position-250ml

Warranty Form: https://www.organomation.com/support/warranty-service

Contact Us: https://www.organomation.com/contact
                                 S-EVAP-KD Installation Video
Organomation has been a leading provider of laboratory evaporation solutions for over 60 years. Our goal is to create simple and easy-to-use instruments for analytical or environmental labs. 

Our instruments require minimal installation before use. This video will walk you through the steps of installing your S-EVAP solvent evaporator.

First, carefully check all the items you received for damage which may have occurred in transit. Make sure to keep all cartons and packaging materials until the instrument has been assembled and tested. 

Contact Organomation immediately if any damage or discrepancies are found. 

**BATH SETUP**
1. Put the bath on a stable surface such as a lab bench or fume hood.

2. Make sure the power switch is turned off, and the heat switch is in the middle position.

3. Plug in the electrical cord.

4. Attach the flow meter and bracket assembly onto the control box using the two screws provided. Make sure the scale is facing forward.

5. If you purchased a pressure regulator, which is highly recommended with S-EVAP units, attach it to the back of the flow meter. Then connect the water supply tube to the regulator. 

Otherwise, connect one end of the water supply tube to the barb on the back of the flow meter. The other end can be placed in either a drain or a chiller. 

**INSTRUMENT SETUP**

1. Place the rod, tapered side down, into the center hole of the bath. Place the spring on the rod.

2. Then, take the cover disk assembly and slide it onto the instrument. You may need to loosen the set screws on the cover disk to do this. 

3. Slide the disk upwards about 9 inches. Secure in place with the set screws and big hex driver provided. 

4. Put the instrument on the rod located inside the bath. 

5. Connect one end of the stainless steel water supply tube to the top of the unit. Connect the other end to the top of the flow meter. 

6. Then, connect one end of the clear drain tube to the barb at the top of the unit. The other end will be connected to a cold water source.

7. Once everything is positioned correctly, tighten the nuts on the water supply tube with a wrench.

8. Put one glass condenser into the plate assembly at the top of the instrument. Turn it slightly and let hang for the next steps.

9. Loosen the set screws on the bottom cover disk until it is able to rotate. 

10. Assemble a KD flask and Snyder column together. Place it into the bottom cover disk, and connect to the condenser. This will line up the cover disk and condenser holder. 

11. Push the center tube down 1/4 inch against the bottom spring.

12. Retighten the cover disk set screws. When the center tube is released, the cover disk will raise slightly. This will allow the instrument to freely rotate when filled with glassware. 

13. Remove all the glassware from the instrument. 

14. Fill the bath with approximately 7 inches of water. 

**GLASSWARE SETUP**
1. Attach the white water tubes onto the barbs on the condensers.

2. Install the condensers in sequence around the condenser plate assembly.

3. Connect all the water tubes to the manifold. Each condenser will have one tube connected to the upper and lower manifold. 

For optimal position, connect each water tube to the fitting that is 3 spaces to the left of the closest fitting. 

4. Connect the flasks to the condenser using the green joint clips provided.

5. Connect the concentrator tube to the bottom of the KD flask using the springs provided, or the optional joint clips. It’s convenient to use the optional KD rack here, if you purchased it. 

6. Place a Snyder Column on each flask.

7. Install the KD assembly on the cover disk.

8. Turn on the water source to fill the condensers. Water pressure should be set to a maximum of 30 psi. 

9. Rotate the unit and check all connections for leaks.

If there are no leaks, the S-EVAP unit is officially installed and ready for use. 
If you are unfamiliar with the use of the S-EVAP system, or you’re working with a new procedure, we recommend doing a trial run of blank samples to determine the best operating conditions. 

Now that the unit is fully assembled, don’t forget to fill out the warranty registration form. We ask that you return your completed warranty form within 10 days of receiving your instrument. 

If you require more assistance throughout the installation process, please reach out to sales@organomation.com or speak to one of Organomation’s sales technicians at (978) 838-7300.

S-EVAP-KD Installation Video

Warranty Registration Form: https://www.organomation.com/support/warranty-service

Product Page: https://www.organomation.com/products/nitrogen-evaporators/multivap/48-position

Contact Us: https://www.organomation.com/contact

                                                                  Dry Block MULTIVAP Installation Video

Organomation has been a leading provider of laboratory evaporation solutions for over 60 years. Our goal is to create simple and easy-to-use instruments for analytical or environmental labs. 

Our instruments require minimal installation before use. This video will walk you through the steps of installing your dry block MULTIVAP.

First, carefully check all the items you received for damage which may have occurred in transit. Make sure to keep all cartons and packing materials until the instrument has been assembled and tested. 

Contact Organomation immediately if any damage or discrepancies are found.

Your shipment should contain the following:
•	A dry bath
•	A nitrogen distribution manifold
•	A needle guide (included with the 48 and 80 position models)
•	2 stainless steel gas tubes
•	A black coil tube
•	Stainless steel needles
•	Custom aluminum inserts (included with the 30 and 48 position models)
•	A clear gas connection tube
•	Installation tools
•	And a manual

**Dry Bath Setup**
Put the bath on a stable surface such as a lab bench or fume hood.

Make sure the power switch is turned off, and the heat and gas switches are in the middle position.

Plug in the electrical cord.

Connect the black coil tube to the back of the unit where it’s labelled “gas input”. Connect the other end to a gas source.

**Instrument Setup**
Install the two gas supply tubes to either side of the bath. Make sure you have the two brass rings on each side. Tighten the compression screws with a wrench.

Remove the plastic tubing from the manifold and throw away.

Place the manifold on top of the tubes, and slide it down approximately 2 inches.

Tighten the thumb screws on each side to lock it in place. 

Place each spring assembly on top of the tubes, and slide them down as far as possible. 

Tighten the white plastic nuts on each spring assembly.

Take the clear tube provided and connect it to the back of the flow meter and air filter. 

To check that the manifold is installed correctly, loosen the thumb screws on either side. You should be able to raise and lower the instrument, and use the thumb screws to hold it in position. 

Raise the manifold and retighten the thumb screws. 

Install your needles into the manifold. 

If your instrument came with a needle guide, it’s best to place them into the guide first, and then connect them into the manifold. 

Center the needles over the wells by using the 4 alignment knobs on the needle guide. Make sure the guide plate remains level.  

Place the custom inserts into the heating unit. 

The dry block MULTIVAP unit is officially installed and ready for use.

If you are unfamiliar with the use of the MULTIVAP system, or you’re working with a new procedure, we recommend doing a trial run of blank samples to determine the best operating conditions. 

Now that the unit is fully assembled, don’t forget to fill out the warranty registration form. We ask that you return your completed warranty form within 10 days of receiving your instrument.

If you require more assistant throughout the installation process, please reach out to sales@organomation.com or speak to one of Organomation’s sales technicians at 
(978) 838-7300.



Dry Block MULTIVAP Installation Video ||Organomation

Product Page: https://www.organomation.com/products/nitrogen-evaporators/n-evap/45-position

Contact Us: https://www.organomation.com/contact

                                                          High-Capacity Nitrogen Evaporator for Diverse Samples

 The 45 position nitrogen evaporator offers the largest number of sample positions in our N-EVAP product line. It has the classic features of our N-EVAP system, but with additional capacity and digital controls. 

The unique sample holder has dual circular rings to accommodate 30 small test tubes in the outer ring, and 15 larger test tubes in the inner ring.

The entire upper instrument rotates, allowing each sample to be accessed from the front. 

The adjustable flow meter gives the user full control of the amount of nitrogen being delivered to the manifold assembly, while individual needle valves allow the control of gas flow to each sample position.

These valves can also be raised and lowered to accommodate a variety of tube heights.  

Our large capacity N-EVAPs come standard with a reliable water bath that provides uniform heat to all samples. 

A cartridge heater system allows the bath to reach the desired temperature quickly, while providing consistent performance at lower temperatures. 

Users can manually adjust the bath temperature with precision using the LED temperature controller located on the side control box.

The control box also includes a timer feature, which allows the instrument to automatically turn on or off after a specified time period. 

An internal pressure regulator automatically limits the max PSI of the instrument, making operations safer. The instrument’s input pressure can be monitored and adjusted from the top of the control box. 

The 45 position N-EVAP is a perfect fit for high throughput laboratories processing many samples per day. The combination of manual and automatic features provides the user with optimal control.

If you have any questions or would like more information on this N-EVAP, please reach out to sales@organomation.com or speak with one of Organomation’s sales technicians at 978-838-7300.


High-Capacity Nitrogen Evaporator for Diverse Samples (#11645) || Organomation

BÜCHI Labortechnik AG

A live demonstration of performing pressurized solvent extraction on an established unit, the SpeedExtractor.
Follow all steps:

- Sample preparation
- Graphical view of what happens during the extraction process inside the system
- Software monitoring of tightness and pressure
- End of process: flushing with solvent and nitrogen
- Creating a report
- Transfer to parallel evaporation system (optional)
- Clean-up process

👉 For more information: https://bit.ly/3AeFrZ3



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