Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

Our mission is to make scientific results rapidly and widely available. We seek to maximize the impact of research via insightful review, to enable exceptional discoveries to be shared quickly, to eliminate the border between specialties, to link different fields of biomedical science, and to foster application of basic and clinical science to fight disease.

On June 2020, Scopus released their 2019 Journal Rankings on Oncology, and Oncotarget is among their highest rated (Q1) journals and ranked number one in total citations in oncology.

Oncotarget

Oncotarget published this trending review on August 17, 2021, entitled, "Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma" by researchers from the Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA.

Abstract:
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28039

Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28039/text/

Correspondence to - Anna Moore - moorea57@msu.edu

Keywords - glioblastoma, microRNA, miRNA-based therapies, miRNA delivery

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

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Trending with Impact: The Role of MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma

Oncotarget published this trending research paper on July 20, 2021, entitled, “Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis” by researchers from Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Q.P.S. Holdings LLC, Pencader Corporate Center, Newark, DE; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, KaviKrishna Laboratory, Guwahati Biotech Park, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA.

Abstract:
Objective: Aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR survival pathway in many cancers are the most common genomic abnormalities. The phytochemical and bioactive agent sulforaphane (SFN) has nutrigenomic potential in activating the expression of several cellular protective genes via the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is primarily related to mechanisms of endogenous cellular defense and survival. The efficacy of SFN in combination with acetazolamide (AZ) was investigated in reducing typical H727 and atypical H720 BC survival, migration potential, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo preclinical xenograft tissues.

Materials and Methods: Microscopic imaging, immunocytochemistry, wound healing assay, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30, CCK18) CytoDeath ELISA assay, immunofluorescence labeling assays for apoptosis, hypoxia, Western Blotting, Tunnel assay, measurement of 5-HT secretion by carbon fiber amperometry assay, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP), morphologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis activity and the expression levels of phospho-Akt1, Akt1, HIF-1α, PI3K, p21, CAIX, 5-HT, phospho-mTOR, and mTOR in xenografts derived from typical H727 and atypical H720 BC cell lines.

Results: Combining AZ+SFN reduced tumor cell survival compared to each agent alone, both in vitro and in vivo xenograft tissues. AZ+SFN targeted multiple pathways involved in cell cycle, serotonin secretion, survival, and growth pathways, highlighting its therapeutic approach. Both H727 and H720 cells were associated with induction of apoptosis, upregulation of the p21 cell cycle inhibitor, and downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a primary target of the AZ+SFN combination therapy.

Conclusions: Combining SFN+AZ significantly inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and significantly reducing 5-HT secretion in carcinoid syndrome.

Press release -  https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/disabling-the-pi3k-akt-mtor-survival-pathway-and-inducing-apoptosis/

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28011

Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28011/text/

Correspondence to - Herman Yeger - hermie@sickkids.ca, Reza Bayat Mokhtari - rbm7@queensu.ca, and Myron R. Szewczuk - szewczuk@queensu.ca

Keywords - sulforaphane, acetazolamide, bronchial carcinoid tumors, serotonin, carbonic anhydrase

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

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Top-Performer: Sulforaphane in Nutrigenomic Cancer Therapy

Oncotarget published this trending research perspective on March 16, 2021, entitled, "Pancreatic cancer driver mutations are targetable through distant alternative RNA splicing dependencies" by researchers from the Medical Scientist Training Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Molecular and Systems Biology, Surgery, and Medicine, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY.

Abstract:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common histological subtype of pancreatic cancer, has one of the highest case fatality rates of all known solid malignancies. Over the past decade, several landmark studies have established mutations in KRAS and TP53 as the predominant drivers of PDAC pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance, though treatment options for PDACs and other tumors with these mutations remain extremely limited. Hampered by late tumor discovery and diagnosis, clinicians are often faced with using aggressive and non-specific chemotherapies to treat advanced disease. Clinically meaningful responses to targeted therapy are often limited to the minority of patients with susceptible PDACs, and immunotherapies have routinely encountered roadblocks in effective activation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Alternative RNA splicing (ARS) has recently gained traction in the PDAC literature as a field from which we may better understand and treat complex mechanisms of PDAC initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we review PDAC pathogenesis as it relates to fundamental ARS biology, with an extension to implications for PDAC patient clinical management.

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27901

Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27901/text/

Correspondence to - Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos - luisa.escobar-hoyos@yale.edu

Keywords - pancreatic cancer, RNA splicing, targeted therapy, KRAS, TP53

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

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Trending with Impact: Alternative RNA Splicing in Pancreatic Cancer

Oncotarget’s cover paper this week (Volume 12, Issue 19) is entitled, "Nanoparticle T cell engagers for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia," by researchers from the Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University McKelvey School of Engineering, St. Louis, MO;  Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

Abstract:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia and has a 5-year survival rate of 25%. The standard-of-care for AML has not changed in the past few decades. Promising immunotherapy options are being developed for the treatment of AML; yet, these regimens require highly laborious and sophisticated techniques. We create nanoTCEs using liposomes conjugated to monoclonal antibodies to enable specific binding. We also recreate the bone marrow niche using our 3D culture system and use immunocompromised mice to enable use of human AML and T cells with nanoTCEs. We show that CD33 is ubiquitously present on AML cells. The CD33 nanoTCEs bind preferentially to AML cells compared to Isotype. We show that nanoTCEs effectively activate T cells and induce AML killing in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that our nanoTCE technology is a novel and promising immuno-therapy for the treatment of AML and provides a basis for supplemental investigations for the validation of using nanoTCEs in larger animals and patients.

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28054

Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28054/text/

Correspondence to - Abdel Kareem Azab - kareem.azab@wustl.edu

Keywords - acute myeloid leukemia, T cell engagers, nanoparticles, 3D tissue culture model

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

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Nanoparticles Target Acute Myeloid Leukemia

View the latest oncology-focused research published in this week’s issue of Oncotarget, Volume 12, Issue 19.
https://www.oncotarget.com/archive/v12/i19/

Cover Paper - “Nanoparticle T cell engagers for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia” 
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28054


News - “Old drug, new trick: proton pump inhibitors find new purpose in cancer care” 
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28053 (PDF Download)

Research Paper - “Novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying risk of colorectal cancer from smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens by modeling exposure in normal colon organoids” 
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28058

Research Paper - “Altered glucuronidation deregulates androgen dependent response profiles and signifies castration resistance in prostate cancer” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28059

Research Paper - “The antitumoral effects of chemerin are independent from leukocyte recruitment and mediated by inhibition of neoangiogenesis” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28056

Research Paper - “Exploratory comparisons between different anti-mitotics in clinically-used drug combination in triple negative breast cancer” 
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28068


Research Paper - “High expression of Myosin 1g in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28055

Case Report - “Polyclonal on- and off-target resistance mutations in an EML4-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer patient under ALK inhibition” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28062

Research Perspective - “Towards precision oncology in angiosarcomas using next generation “omic” technologies” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27996

Research Perspective - “Targeting AP-1 transcription factors by CRISPR in the prostate” https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27997

Research Perspective - “The role of dynamic phenotypes in cancer”
https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28006

Keywords - colon organoids, acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer, chemerin, KIF11 inhibition, breast cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALK inhibitors, rare cancer, dynamic phenotype, Lung cancer, cancer, science, research, oncology


About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology. 

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Table of Contents - Volume 12, Issue 19

Oncotarget published this trending research paper on April 13, 2021, entitled, "Carcinoma cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition differentiate into endothelial cells and contribute to tumor growth" by researchers from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.

Abstract:
Hypoxia stimulates neoangiogenesis, promoting tumor outgrowth, and triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which bestows cells with mesenchymal traits and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Here, we investigated whether EMT can confer endothelial attributes upon carcinoma cells, augmenting tumor growth and vascularization. Following orthotopic implantation of MCF-7 human epithelial breast cancer cells into mice, tumors of different sizes were immunostained for markers of hypoxia and EMT. Larger tumors were well-vascularized with CD31-positive cells of human origin. Hypoxic regions, demarcated by HIF-1α staining, exhibited focal areas of E-cadherin loss and elevated levels of vimentin and the EMT-mediator FOXC2. Implantation of MCF-7 cells, co-mixed with human mammary epithelial (HMLE) cells overexpressing the EMT-inducer Snail, markedly potentiated tumor growth and vascularization, compared with MCF-7 cells injected alone or co-mixed with HMLE-vector cells. Intra-tumoral vessels contained CD31-positive cells derived from either donor cell type. FOXC2 knockdown abrogated the potentiating effects of HMLE-Snail cells on MCF-7 tumor growth and vascularization, and compromised endothelial transdifferentiation of mesenchymal cells cultured in endothelial growth medium. Hence, cells that have undergone EMT can promote tumor growth and neovascularization either indirectly, by promoting endothelial transdifferentiation of carcinoma cells, or directly, by acquiring an endothelial phenotype, with FOXC2 playing key roles in these processes.

Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/epithelial-mesenchymal-transitions-create-endothelial-cells-tumor-growth/

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DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27940
Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27940/text/
Correspondence to - Tapasree Roy Sarkar - tsarkar@bio.tamu.edu

Keywords - angiogenesis, endothelial transdifferentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, vasculogenic mimicry, FOXC2

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a bi-weekly, peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.

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Oncotarget

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